The fertility rate in Poland is the lowest in years. The Central Statistical Office reveals new population data
The fertility rate dropped in 2025 to 1,068 With 1,099 a year earlier – according to the Central Statistical Office report “Poland in numbers 2026”, published on Wednesday. In 1990 the fertility rate was 1.99. It is assumed that this indicator should be 2.1 to ensure simple replacement of generations. The Central Statistical Office also provided data on the size and age of the Polish population. The average resident of Poland is currently almost 44 years oldwhile 35 years earlier the median age was less than 33.
According to the Central Statistical Office's publications, the average age of a woman at the birth of her first child was 29.5 years in 2025. This is almost 7 years more than in 1990, when it was 22.7 years.
In recent years, the fertility rate has been systematically decreasing.
In 2025 Poland's population was 37.33 million and decreased by 0.4%. year to year. For comparison, in 1990 Poland's population was 38.07 million.
|
Population, as of December 31 |
1990 |
2000 |
2010 |
2020 |
2025 |
|
Total (in thousands) |
38,073 |
38,254 |
38,530 |
38,089 |
37,333 |
Life expectancy in Poland
Poland's population is falling, but average life expectancy is rising. For men it is 75.4 years, and for women – 82.5 years oldaccording to data for 2025. In 1990 it was: 66.2 years and 75.2 years, respectively.
The median age of Poland's inhabitants also increased – from 32.3 years to 43.8 years in 2025. Median age means that half of our country's population is younger and half is older than this limit.
The age structure of the population has also changed. In 1990 people of post-working age accounted for 12.8 percent However, in 2025 this percentage was already 24.1%.
|
Population by economic age groups, as of December 31 (%) |
1990 |
2000 |
2010 |
2020 |
2025 |
|
pre-production (0–17 years) |
29.0 |
24.4 |
18.8 |
18.4 |
17.7 |
|
working age (18–59/64 years) |
58.2 |
60.8 |
64.4 |
59.4 |
58.2 |
|
post-production (60/65 years and older) |
12.8 |
14.8 |
16.8 |
22.2 |
24.1 |
