In 2025, almost 127,000 cases ended in courts. matters relating to loans based on Swiss francs. This is a historic record, which is partly due to banks' willingness to reach settlements. However, there are still 170,000 people waiting in line. disputes.
Mortgage loans based on the Swiss franc reached the peak of market popularity in 2008. After 18 years, their history is taking a new turn. On the one hand, they are only a margin in bank portfolios – in December 2025 they accounted for 6.5%. mortgages. On the other hand, there is a visible crisis in the courts.
Data from the Ministry of Justice summarizing the activities of courts in 2025 show that the influx of new cases has definitely slowed down. A total of 93.5 thousand were sent to district, regional and appellate courts. lawsuits. For comparison, in 2024 this number was 123 thousand and in 2023 – 124 thousand.
For the first time the number of resolved cases was higher than the number of incoming ones. 126.9 thousand were closed. disputes (in all courts), which gives the so-called the impact management index (number of cases resolved per 100 incoming) at the level of 135. However, it is worth adding that 170.5 thousand are still waiting in courts. matters. In this respect, the workload of appellate courts has increased significantly, with 66,000 of them waiting in queues. disputes.
– The courts have significantly accelerated their handling of Swiss franc cases in 2025, and this is particularly visible in the example of district courts, which receive the most lawsuits due to the value of the subject matter in dispute exceeding PLN 100,000. zloty. Throughout last year, the impact management index, i.e. the ratio of resolved cases to new proceedings, exceeded 200. This means that the courts concluded twice as many cases as they accepted new ones – comments Paweł Wójcik, President of the Management Board of Votum Consumer Care.
– This is not only due to the good organization of the courts themselves and IT changes in the justice system. The total amount is nearly PLN 127,000. finalized proceedings, taking into account all levels, i.e. district, district and appellate courts, not only judgments. A significant number of cases ended with a settlement. And these statistics would certainly not exist if it were not for a change in the approach of some banks, especially mBank, to proposals for settlements at the court stage for the most determined customers. Bankers understood that if they wanted to convince this group to end the dispute amicably, they had to present conditions corresponding to the effects of a court judgment, in line with the jurisprudence developed over the years, adds Paweł Wójcik.
What next for foreign currency mortgages in courts?
Already in the data for 2024, the first signs of significant shifts in the emphasis of Swiss franc disputes were visible. We indicated then that in some banks it was definitely possible The number of lawsuits concerning already repaid loans is increasing. “When the wave of lawsuits filed by active borrowers subsides, repaid contracts account for an increasing part of the increases” – this was the conclusion suggested by the analysis of banks' annual reports.
Data from the Ministry of Justice do not differentiate cases according to the status of the contract. To confirm the trend, we will have to wait until the end of the season of publication of periodic reports of lenders, although not all banks inform shareholders about active disputes regarding the repaid portfolio.
– When forecasting what 2026 may look like, I expect the dynamics of finalizing Swiss franc cases at the court stage to continue, which may even improve. Undoubtedly, the peak of the wave of Swiss franc borrowers in courts is behind us, but this does not mean that borrowers have stopped filing lawsuits. This year will certainly be another year in which several tens of thousands of borrowers will decide to take such a step. First of all, Swiss franc borrowers with repaid loans are becoming more and more active – Paweł Wójcik sums up the observed trends.
On the balance sheets of commercial banks since 2014. Swiss franc mortgages gave way to euro-based loans. The latest data published by the Polish Financial Supervision Authority shows that at the end of 2025 the carrying amount:
- housing loans based on CHF amounted to PLN 3.96 billion,
- housing loans based on EUR – PLN 11.1 billion,
- mortgages based on other foreign currencies – PLN 4.9 billion.
Part of the wallet “non-franc” currency mortgages these are agreements concluded several years ago. They may contain similar structures to CHF contracts challenged in courts. In 2025, the Ministry of Justice recorded close 7 thousand matters regarding this type of contracts, the vast majority of which (6,000) went to district courts.
– If I were to compare, today's “Euro-users” are the Swiss-France users from 2022 and 2023. The most determined to act, seeking help and information about their rights. In our practice, we also see a clear increase in interest from these clients. Last year, almost 1/4 of our new customers were borrowers with loans in euro. We expect this statistic to increase even further in 2026. Primarily due to further winnings, which “Euro players” will boast about among their friends, just as was the case with Swiss franc users – says Paweł Wójcik.
