During the year from June 2024 to June 2025, approximately 25,000 people left the UK. Poles – according to the latest report of the Polish Economic Institute (PIE). At the same time, only 6,000 people came to the country. Polish citizens, which resulted in a negative net migration balance of -19 thousand. people. However, it is not known whether these people returned to Poland or chose a different migration direction.
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PIE, based on data from the British Office for National Statistics, points out that the number of Poles in the UK decreased by a total of 70 thousand. in the period from June 2020 until June 2025. Experts note that the net migration of Poles is part of a broader trend including the outflow of European Union citizens from Great Britain. In the year under analysis, the net migration of EU citizens amounted to -70,000, which means a decrease by 9,000. compared to the previous period (June 2023 – June 2024).
The authors of the report reminded that the decreasing net migration between Great Britain and the European Union has been observed since the Brexit referendum in 2016. Then, in the period from June 2015 to June 2016, the net migration reached a record 322,000, which was the highest result in the last fourteen years. In the following years, these numbers systematically decreased – in 2022 the balance was -1,000, and in June 2023 -30,000. annually.
In the analyzed period (June 2024 – June 2025), Great Britain recorded a negative migration balance of citizens of several EU countries. The largest declines occurred in Romania (-24 thousand), Poland (-19 thousand), Bulgaria (-7 thousand), Italy (-7 thousand) and Spain (-6 thousand). For most of these countries, except Bulgaria, this meant a deterioration of the migration balance compared to the previous year.
Brexit changed everything
The report also highlights the changing profile of migration to and from the UK over the last five years. After Brexit, which formally ended in January 2020, net migration with countries outside the European Union increased significantly. PIE reports that in the period from June 2020 to June 2021, this balance increased by 110%. compared to the previous year, reaching 242 thousand. people. The highest value of net migration from non-EU countries was recorded in June 2023, when it amounted to 1 million 45 thousand. people. In the following years, this number decreased – in June 2025, the balance was 383,000, which was a decrease of 53.6%. compared to June 2024 (825 thousand).
The citizens of non-EU countries who contributed to the positive migration balance in the UK were dominated by Indians (69,000), Pakistanis (41,000), Chinese (25,000), Nepalese (22,000), Nigerians (18,000) and Americans (11,000).
The Polish Economic Institute, a public think tank dealing with economic and social analyses, emphasizes that changes in migration trends are one of the key consequences of Brexit, which has significantly influenced the flow of people between Great Britain and the European Union.
