In the energy report prepared by the Energy Forum, the “Energy Transformation of Poland. Edition 2025” analyzed changes in the National Energy System. As noted, the share of renewable energy in the production of electricity increased to 29.4 percent, and the use of coal fell to a record low level of 56.2 percent. Despite these progress, Poland paid up to PLN 112 billion in 2024 for the import of fossil fuels, which in total from 2015 amounted to PLN 1.2 trill.
Vice President of the Energy Forum Tobiasz Adamczewski said that the lack of a strategic approach to transformation inhibits its development. “We do not have a coherent, long -term strategy that would integrate the activities of various sectors,” he said. In his opinion, public debate unnecessarily focuses on the fears of the termination of coal power plants, instead of directing attention to the expansion of modern, low -emission energy sources.
Poland stands with mine fuels
Despite the increase in the importance of renewable energy sources, Poland is still largely based on fossil fuels. As much as 85 percent the consumed primary energy came from these raw materials – 41 percent from coal, 27 percent from oil and 17 percent from gas. The situation is complicated by the fact that over the past 20 years, although coal consumption has dropped by 38 percent, the consumption of oil and gas increased by 41 percent, respectively. and 43 percent
At the same time, Poland fully independent of Russian energy raw materials, which experts considered one of the key achievements. “In 2024, Russia's participation in the Polish energy mix was 0 percent.” – It was given in the report, reminding that in 2015 deliveries from Russia constituted 52 percent. imported gas and 7 percent coal. Currently, the main fuel suppliers are Saudi Arabia, Norway and the USA.
Kacper Kwidziński from the Energy Forum drew attention to the growing dependence on import, which in the decade increased from 29 percent. up to 45 percent “This is the most applied to oil, which almost 97 percent come from abroad. Also gas is becoming more and more imported, covering 82 % of demand in 2024.” He noticed. He also signaled that even in the case of coal, the consumption of which dropped, 10 percent. It came from import.
The report emphasizes that the pace of Polish energy transformation is not sufficient and the development of renewable energy remains uneven. The expansion of wind infrastructure on land still encounters legislative barriers, and the lack of modern energy storage leads to restrictions in the use of renewable energy. Experts note that the energy system is becoming more and more difficult to balance, especially during periods of record demand.
Emission world economy
According to the report, Poland is still among the most emission economies in the world. Only Kuwait, South Africa, Kazakhstan and China have higher emission indicators per Polish. Although the average price of CO2 emissions in 2024 amounted to EUR 64.75 per ton, which was lower than forecasts, the state gained PLN 16.6 billion in this respect.
According to the authors of the report, the main stimuli that drives energy transformation in Poland result from external factors – EU climate regulations, CO2 emission prices, as well as the current geopolitical situation. Therefore, in order for the transformation to be more effective, it is necessary not only to increase the share of renewable energy, but also modernize the infrastructure and support for recipients in adapting to changes in the energy sector.
